Mt An 2 (2-07) Cattle National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released February 2, 2007, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Cattle" call Mike Miller at (202) 720-3040, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. January 1 Cattle Inventory Up Slightly All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2007, totaled 97.0 million head, slightly above the 96.7 million on January 1, 2006. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 42.0 million, were down slightly from the 42.1 million on January 1, 2006. Beef cows, at 32.9 million, were down slightly from January 1, 2006. Milk cows, at 9.13 million, were up 1 percent from January 1, 2006. Other class estimates on January 1, 2007, and the change from January 1, 2006, are as follows: All heifers 500 pounds and over, 20.1 million, up 1 percent. Beef replacement heifers, 5.88 million, down slightly. Milk replacement heifers, 4.31 million, up 1 percent. Other heifers, 9.90 million, up 1 percent. Steers weighing 500 pounds and over, 17.2 million, up 2 percent. Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over, 2.22 million, down 2 percent. Calves under 500 pounds, 15.5 million, down slightly. Cattle and calves on feed for slaughter in all feedlots, 14.3 million, up 1 percent. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds, and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds outside of feedlots was 28.3 million, up 1 percent. Calf Crop Down Slightly The 2006 calf crop was estimated at 37.6 million head, down slightly from 2005. Calves born during the first half of the year are estimated at 27.4 million, up slightly from 2005. Revisions All inventory and calf crop estimates for July 1, 2005, January 1, 2006, and July 1, 2006, were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior surveys. Based on the findings of this review, small adjustments of less than one-half percent were made to previously released inventory estimates of all cattle, heifers, and steers. Revisions of one percent or less were made to cows, calves, and calf crop. State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory and calf crop estimates to the U.S. total. No revisions were made to the Cattle on Feed estimate for January 1, 2006. This report was approved on February 2, 2007. Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Chuck Conner Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Carol C. House Contents Page U.S. Inventory by Class, January 1, 1 January 1, Cattle and Calves by State and United States2 Calf Crop by State and United States6 January 1, Total Number on Feed. 7 Number Grazing on Small Grain Pasture8 U.S. Inventory by Class, July 1, 8 U.S. Calf Crop, Number and Percent of Total8 Reliability Statement. . . . . . 9 Information Contacts . . . . . .10 Cattle and Calves: Number by Class and Calf Crop, United States, January 1, 2006-2007 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2007 as Class : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 Head ---- Percent : Cattle and Calves : 96,702 97,003 100 : Cows and Heifers That Have Calved : 42,056 42,023 100 Beef Cows : 32,994 32,894 100 Milk Cows : 9,063 9,129 101 : Heifers 500 Pounds and Over : 19,984 20,086 101 For Beef Cow Replacement : 5,904 5,877 100 Expected to Calve 2/ : 3,580 3,568 100 For Milk Cow Replacement : 4,275 4,310 101 Expected to Calve 2/ : 2,896 2,842 98 Other Heifers : 9,805 9,899 101 : Steers 500 Pounds and Over : 16,933 17,222 102 Bulls 500 Pounds and Over : 2,263 2,215 98 Calves Under 500 Pounds : 15,465 15,456 100 : Cattle on Feed : 14,132 14,269 101 : :------------------------------------------ : : : 2006 as : 2005 : 2006 : % of 2005 :------------------------------------------ Calf Crop : 37,575 37,567 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Totals may not add due to rounding. 2/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year. Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States, January 1, 2006-2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Cattle and Calves : All Cows That Have Calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : 2007 as : : : 2007 as : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 Head ---- Percent ---- 1,000 Head ---- Percent : AL : 1,280 1,320 103 700 730 104 AK : 15.5 16.0 103 6.9 7.1 103 AZ : 940 940 100 355 350 99 AR : 1,710 1,750 102 920 940 102 CA : 5,450 5,500 101 2,450 2,490 102 CO : 2,650 2,700 102 780 840 108 CT : 52 53 102 25 26 104 DE : 23 23 100 11 11 100 FL : 1,680 1,730 103 1,050 1,080 103 GA : 1,180 1,170 99 670 660 99 HI : 161 158 98 92 89 97 ID : 2,110 2,180 103 945 975 103 IL : 1,330 1,340 101 550 530 96 IN : 900 900 100 375 400 107 IA : 3,800 3,950 104 1,240 1,280 103 KS : 6,650 6,400 96 1,660 1,610 97 KY : 2,380 2,460 103 1,220 1,300 107 LA : 820 860 105 495 520 105 ME : 92 86 93 44 43 98 MD : 230 220 96 119 110 92 MA : 47 44 94 24 22 92 MI : 1,030 1,060 103 415 435 105 MN : 2,350 2,420 103 835 860 103 MS : 990 980 99 550 540 98 MO : 4,500 4,450 99 2,320 2,260 97 MT : 2,400 2,400 100 1,450 1,400 97 NE : 6,500 6,650 102 1,990 2,000 101 NV : 500 500 100 265 260 98 NH : 39 35 90 20.0 18.5 93 NJ : 42 38 90 21 19 90 NM : 1,550 1,580 102 800 800 100 NY : 1,400 1,420 101 730 740 101 NC : 860 850 99 436 440 101 ND : 1,720 1,850 108 970 970 100 OH : 1,280 1,260 98 570 570 100 OK : 5,450 5,250 96 2,150 2,070 96 OR : 1,420 1,340 94 720 690 96 PA : 1,590 1,600 101 710 700 99 RI : 5.0 4.9 98 2.5 2.6 104 SC : 410 400 98 225 220 98 SD : 3,750 3,700 99 1,800 1,750 97 TN : 2,240 2,310 103 1,180 1,220 103 TX : 14,100 14,000 99 5,780 5,650 98 UT : 800 830 104 410 430 105 VT : 275 265 96 153 150 98 VA : 1,660 1,620 98 830 810 98 WA : 1,100 1,140 104 520 500 96 WV : 410 420 102 217 225 104 WI : 3,400 3,400 100 1,490 1,510 101 WY : 1,430 1,430 100 765 770 101 : US : 96,701.5 97,002.9 100 42,056.4 42,023.2 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States, January 1, 2006-2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef Cows That Have Calved : Milk Cows That Have Calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : 2007 as : : : 2007 as : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 Head ---- Percent ---- 1,000 Head --- Percent : AL : 686 717 105 14 13 93 AK : 6.1 6.5 107 0.8 0.6 75 AZ : 185 175 95 170 175 103 AR : 899 921 102 21 19 90 CA : 680 700 103 1,770 1,790 101 CO : 675 725 107 105 115 110 CT : 5 7 140 20 19 95 DE : 4 4 100 7 7 100 FL : 916 950 104 134 130 97 GA : 592 585 99 78 75 96 HI : 87.4 85.2 97 4.6 3.8 83 ID : 472 473 100 473 502 106 IL : 446 427 96 104 103 99 IN : 217 234 108 158 166 105 IA : 1,053 1,070 102 187 210 112 KS : 1,550 1,500 97 110 110 100 KY : 1,118 1,207 108 102 93 91 LA : 463 490 106 32 30 94 ME : 12 11 92 32 32 100 MD : 49 50 102 70 60 86 MA : 8.0 6.5 81 16.0 15.5 97 MI : 103 111 108 312 324 104 MN : 390 405 104 445 455 102 MS : 526 518 98 24 22 92 MO : 2,206 2,146 97 114 114 100 MT : 1,431 1,382 97 19 18 95 NE : 1,930 1,940 101 60 60 100 NV : 238 233 98 27 27 100 NH : 4.0 4.0 100 16.0 14.5 91 NJ : 9.5 8.5 89 11.5 10.5 91 NM : 460 440 96 340 360 106 NY : 78 112 144 652 628 96 NC : 384 392 102 52 48 92 ND : 937 939 100 33 31 94 OH : 297 296 100 273 274 100 OK : 2,075 2,000 96 75 70 93 OR : 599 575 96 121 115 95 PA : 152 150 99 558 550 99 RI : 1.5 1.5 100 1.0 1.1 110 SC : 208 203 98 17 17 100 SD : 1,719 1,669 97 81 81 100 TN : 1,110 1,153 104 70 67 96 TX : 5,455 5,303 97 325 347 107 UT : 325 344 106 85 86 101 VT : 10 10 100 143 140 98 VA : 727 710 98 103 100 97 WA : 283 265 94 237 235 99 WV : 204 212 104 13 13 100 WI : 250 265 106 1,240 1,245 100 WY : 758 763 101 7 7 100 : US : 32,993.5 32,894.2 100 9,062.9 9,129.0 101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States, January 1, 2006-2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Heifers 500 Pounds and Over :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Beef Cow Replacement : Milk Cow Replacement : Other :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AL : 90 105 6 5 29 30 AK : 1.3 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 AZ : 30 33 44 50 19 17 AR : 175 140 8 7 52 63 CA : 120 125 790 790 180 170 CO : 115 115 55 60 580 560 CT : 1.5 2.0 11.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 DE : 0.9 0.7 3.0 2.6 0.6 0.6 FL : 140 145 40 30 20 30 GA : 82 77 23 23 30 34 HI : 15 15 2 1 5 5 ID : 90 105 250 260 195 200 IL : 70 65 52 52 158 158 IN : 45 38 65 71 65 56 IA : 140 160 120 120 640 680 KS : 255 240 55 60 1,670 1,650 KY : 180 190 50 40 100 120 LA : 82 86 9 9 18 18 ME : 4.0 4.0 18.0 16.0 2.0 1.0 MD : 13 11 30 30 10 8 MA : 2.0 2.0 8.5 7.0 0.5 1.0 MI : 31 33 137 135 45 37 MN : 95 100 265 270 170 175 MS : 89 99 11 10 21 35 MO : 340 330 70 70 260 270 MT : 445 440 8 10 157 180 NE : 295 330 15 20 1,470 1,470 NV : 42 41 12 13 35 29 NH : 1.5 1.0 8.5 6.5 0.5 0.5 NJ : 2.0 2.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 NM : 90 90 105 120 105 100 NY : 25 36 325 335 40 49 NC : 72 72 22 26 26 25 ND : 157 202 19 18 190 220 OH : 70 65 120 110 70 70 OK : 410 405 20 15 530 510 OR : 125 110 75 65 110 110 PA : 40 40 275 270 45 65 RI : 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 SC : 40 35 6 7 10 12 SD : 295 300 45 40 500 540 TN : 185 180 40 40 85 90 TX : 870 770 130 150 1,670 1,610 UT : 60 65 45 45 65 60 VT : 4 4 58 58 4 4 VA : 125 120 40 40 63 70 WA : 60 53 98 123 107 134 WV : 38 39 4 4 25 24 WI : 70 75 670 655 70 60 WY : 175 180 5 5 155 145 : US : 5,903.5 5,877.4 4,275.0 4,309.9 9,805.4 9,898.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States, January 1, 2006-2007 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers : Bulls : Calves : 500 Pounds and Over : 500 Pounds and Over : Under 500 Pounds State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AL : 65 55 50 50 340 345 AK : 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.9 3.3 3.2 AZ : 340 340 22 20 130 130 AR : 95 130 55 55 405 415 CA : 635 665 75 70 1,200 1,190 CO : 920 930 45 45 155 150 CT : 2.0 2.5 1.0 1.0 11.0 11.0 DE : 3.0 4.0 0.3 0.3 4.2 3.8 FL : 20 20 60 60 350 365 GA : 41 48 34 33 300 295 HI : 7 8 5 5 35 35 ID : 310 305 35 35 285 300 IL : 250 280 25 25 225 230 IN : 125 110 19 20 206 205 IA : 1,100 1,160 70 70 490 480 KS : 2,200 2,040 95 90 715 710 KY : 205 220 75 80 550 510 LA : 20 21 32 33 164 173 ME : 4.0 3.5 1.5 1.5 18.5 17.0 MD : 18 17 3 4 37 40 MA : 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 9.0 9.0 MI : 195 190 17 17 190 213 MN : 450 460 35 35 500 520 MS : 51 46 38 35 230 215 MO : 450 460 130 120 930 940 MT : 180 240 110 90 50 40 NE : 2,310 2,450 100 100 320 280 NV : 49 54 15 15 82 88 NH : 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 6.5 NJ : 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 NM : 190 210 40 40 220 220 NY : 28 34 17 16 235 210 NC : 45 32 29 30 230 225 ND : 225 260 59 58 100 122 OH : 170 175 30 30 250 240 OK : 1,190 1,110 140 140 1,010 1,000 OR : 180 170 40 35 170 160 PA : 150 160 25 25 345 340 RI : 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.7 SC : 10 11 17 17 102 98 SD : 700 700 90 85 320 285 TN : 125 135 75 75 550 570 TX : 2,850 2,950 370 370 2,430 2,500 UT : 105 105 20 20 95 105 VT : 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 49.0 42.0 VA : 165 130 42 40 395 410 WA : 155 180 24 26 136 124 WV : 38 40 14 15 74 73 WI : 350 360 30 30 720 710 WY : 200 190 45 45 85 95 : US : 16,933.1 17,222.0 2,262.8 2,215.4 15,465.3 15,456.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop: Number by State and United States, 2005-2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2006 as State : 2005 : 2006 : % 2005 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 Head ---------- Percent : AL : 630 650 103 AK : 4.7 4.8 102 AZ : 285 280 98 AR : 800 810 101 CA : 2,070 2,080 100 CO : 760 790 104 CT : 21 21 100 DE : 9.0 8.5 94 FL : 880 910 103 GA : 550 540 98 HI : 66 65 98 ID : 900 930 103 IL : 500 500 100 IN : 330 350 106 IA : 1,170 1,140 97 KS : 1,490 1,450 97 KY : 1,100 1,130 103 LA : 395 415 105 ME : 37 37 100 MD : 85 81 95 MA : 18 22 122 MI : 350 365 104 MN : 800 830 104 MS : 465 440 95 MO : 2,060 2,010 98 MT : 1,470 1,450 99 NE : 1,800 1,820 101 NV : 210 205 98 NH : 18 17 94 NJ : 14 14 100 NM : 600 600 100 NY : 580 550 95 NC : 400 410 103 ND : 930 960 103 OH : 470 480 102 OK : 1,970 1,970 100 OR : 660 650 98 PA : 610 620 102 RI : 2.4 2.4 100 SC : 180 175 97 SD : 1,720 1,720 100 TN : 1,060 1,060 100 TX : 5,130 5,000 97 UT : 370 390 105 VT : 130 119 92 VA : 750 740 99 WA : 440 455 103 WV : 195 200 103 WI : 1,350 1,350 100 WY : 740 750 101 : US : 37,575.1 37,566.7 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle and Calves: Total Number on Feed by State and United States, January 1, 2006-2007 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2007 as State : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 Head ---------- Percent : AZ : 334 334 100 AR : 5 3 60 CA : 550 550 100 CO : 1,120 1,130 101 ID : 280 265 95 IL : 205 215 105 IN : 115 110 96 IA : 920 872 95 KS : 2,550 2,620 103 KY : 15 20 133 MD : 12 10 83 MI : 190 175 92 MN : 290 285 98 MO : 70 75 107 MT : 55 55 100 NE : 2,600 2,700 104 NV : 8 8 100 NM : 143 136 95 NY : 18 20 111 NC : 4 4 100 ND : 60 60 100 OH : 180 185 103 OK : 375 355 95 OR : 65 90 138 PA : 75 75 100 SD : 400 420 105 TN : 8 7 88 TX : 2,930 2,880 98 UT : 30 30 100 VA : 28 30 107 WA : 155 187 121 WV : 9 10 111 WI : 230 240 104 WY : 80 90 113 : Oth Sts 2/: 22.9 22.7 99 : US : 14,131.9 14,268.7 101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cattle and calves on feed are animals for slaughter market being fed a ration of grain or other concentrates and are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory estimates by classes. 2/ Other States include AL, AK, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, LA, ME, MA, MS, NH, NJ, RI, SC, and VT. Cattle and Calves: Number Grazing on Small Grain Pasture, 3-State Total, January 1, 2006-2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2007 as Class : 2006 : 2007 : % of 2006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- Million Head -- Percent : Calves, Other Heifers and Steers : Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas : 2.10 2.60 124 : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle and Calves: Number by Class and Calf Crop United States, July 1, 2005-2006 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2006 as Class : 2005 : 2006 : % of 2005 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 Head ----- Percent : Cattle and Calves : 104,200 105,200 101 : Cows and Heifers That Have Calved : 42,500 42,600 100 Beef Cows : 33,450 33,450 100 Milk Cows : 9,050 9,150 101 : Heifers 500 Pounds and Over : 16,200 16,600 102 For Beef Cow Replacement : 5,000 5,000 100 For Milk Cow Replacement : 3,700 3,800 103 Other Heifers : 7,500 7,800 104 : Steers 500 Pounds and Over : 14,500 15,000 103 Bulls 500 Pounds and Over : 2,100 2,100 100 Calves Under 500 Pounds : 28,900 28,900 100 : Calf Crop : 37,575 37,567 100 : Cattle on Feed : 12,000 12,500 104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Revised. Calf Crop: Number and Percent of Total by Six Month Period, United States, 2005-2006 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2005 : 2006 :----------------------------------------------------------- Period : : % of : : % of : Number : Total : Number : Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Hd Percent 1,000 Hd Percent : Jan 1 - Jun 30 : 27,300.0 72.7 27,350.0 72.8 Jul 1 - Dec 31 : 10,275.1 27.3 10,216.7 27.2 : Total : 37,575.1 100.0 37,566.7 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Revised. Reliability of January 1 Cattle and Calves Estimates Survey Procedures: A random sample of U.S. producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 50,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews and 82 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1. Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each State office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds to it estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle inventory estimates over the past 20 years is .6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 97.0 million head by more than 0.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 1.0 percent. The following table also shows a 20 year record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 425,000 head, ranging from 6,000 to 1,419,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been below the final estimate 8 times, and above the final estimate 12 times. This does not imply that the January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 90 Percent : Difference Between : : : Confidence : First and Latest : Number of : Root : Level : Estimates : Years Item : Mean :------------------------------------------------------------- :Square : : : : : : First : First : Error :Percent : Head :Average :Smallest:Largest : Above : Below : : : : : : : Latest : Latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent --------- 1,000 Head --------- Number : All Cattle: 0.6 1.0 955 425 6 1,419 12 8 : All Cows : 0.7 1.2 524 219 0 911 12 7 : Calf Crop : 0.7 1.2 449 188 0 630 10 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on data from January 1987 through January 2006. 2/ Data in the above table do not reflect the 1-3 percent changes made during the 1989-93 historic revision period. The root mean square errors would be about 1 percentage point higher if these were included. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch(202) 720-3570 Livestock Section William Weaver, Head, Livestock Section (202) 720-3570 Bruce Boess - Hogs and Pigs(202) 720-3106 Shawn Clark - Dairy Products(202) 690-3236 Jason Hardegree - Milk Production and Milk Cows(202) 720-3278 Scott Hollis - Sheep & Lambs, Goats(202) 720-4751 Mike Miller - Cattle, Cattle on Feed(202) 720-3040 Katy Paulsen - Livestock Slaughter(515) 284-4340 Charmaine Wilson - Dairy Products Prices(202) 690-2168 ACCESS TO REPORTS!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. 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